Ziedputekšņi un Bišu maize
Bitei ziedu putekšņi ir vissvarīgākā uztura sastāvdaļa, bez kuras tās normāla dzīve nebūtu iespējama.
Bez putekšņos esošajām olbaltumvielām bites nespētu veidot šūnas, izaudzināt mazuļus un pilnībā attīstīties visa gada garumā.
Ziedputekšņu trūkums saīsina atsevišķas bites dzīvi un var novest visu saimi līdz izsīkumam un pat nāvei.
Lai piesaistītu kukaiņus, ziedi kopā ar nektāru izdala dažādu formu mikroskopiskus ziedputekšņu graudus.
Bites tos uzglabā apaļu vai ovālu kamoliņu veidā pakaļkāju “grozos”.
Tas notiek šādi: apciemojot ziedus, putekšņi nokrīt uz bites ķermeņa, ar vidējām kājām viņa attīra putekšņus no galvas un krūtīm, bet ar aizmugurējo kāju birstēm ķemmē vēderu. Ziedputekšņu gabaliņi tiek pārvietoti grozos un piestiprināti pie lieliem sariem, kas atrodas groza vidū. Tagad ziedputekšņi nekur nepazudīs.
Stropā bites iemet savu ražu šūnās, no kurām nesen izšķīlušās darba bites.
Tur ziedputekšņi tiks sablīvēti visrūpīgākajā veidā. Ar svaigi pildītu medu izolēti no gaisa piekļuves un hermētiski noslēgts ar vaska vāciņiem.
Pēc tam šūnās notiks konservējošā pienskābes fermentācija, kuras rezultātā nogatavosies bišu maize. Kad pienāks laiks, visa šī bagātība ies mazuļu barošanai,
pašu darba bišu apgādāšanai ar nepieciešamajām vielām, peru pieniņam, fermentiem, vaska ražošanai.
Bišu maize ir īsta bišu saimes “zelta rezerve”,
bez kuras bites un to pēcnācēji ir lemti izmiršanai.
Bišu maize ir bišu šūnās saglabāti ziedu putekšņi, kam pievienoti bišu dziedzeru izdalījumi un medus. Šis ir dabisks produkts ar vērtīgākām īpašībām nekā ziedputekšņiem.
Pateicoties dažādu augu putekšņu sajaukumam, tajā ir vairāk vitamīnu, skābuma un cukura.
Viens bišu šūnu rāmis, trīs ceturtdaļas
pildīts ar bišu maizi, nodrošina barību 10 tūkstošiem bišu.
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